King’s College London - Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, Michael Garron Hospital Foundation, University of Toronto - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto - Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Duke University, University of Toronto - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, University of Toronto and Michael Garron Hospital Foundation

University of Toronto - Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Amsterdam - Intelligent Systems Laboratory Amsterdam (ISLA), University of Toronto - Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto - Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto - Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Laboratory for Computational Physiology, University of Amsterdam - Intelligent Systems Laboratory Amsterdam (ISLA), University of Amsterdam - Intelligent Systems Laboratory Amsterdam (ISLA), University of Toronto - Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto - Department of Medicine, University of Toronto - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation and University of Toronto - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation

affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Royal Melbourne Hospital - Intensive Care Unit, McMaster University, University of Sydney - George Institute for Global Health, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences - College of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Kuwait - Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, McMaster University - Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), affiliation not provided to SSRN, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, University of Ottawa - Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Kingston General Hospital, University of Ottawa - Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Monash University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, McMaster University, University of Manitoba, Western University, University of Western Ontario - London Health Sciences Centre, North York General Hospital, University of Toronto - Unity Health Toronto, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Toronto - Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Toronto - Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, affiliation not provided to SSRN and McMaster University