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Cristina Ortega

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales

Departamento de Economia y Hacienda Publica

Madrid, 28049

Spain

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

3

DOWNLOADS

318

TOTAL CITATIONS

1

Scholarly Papers (3)

Piercing Through the Haze: Did PPP Increase Versus Decrease Bank Efficiency?

Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, 2024, Vol 33, No 5
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 09 May 2023 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2025
Allen N. Berger, Cristina Ortega and Raluca A. Roman
University of South Carolina - Darla Moore School of Business, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
Downloads 113 (634,304)

Abstract:

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Paycheck Protection Program, PPP, bank efficiency, profit efficiency, cost efficiency, bank deposits, lending, labor market.

Piercing Through the Haze Did PPP Increase Versus Decrease Bank Efficiency?

Number of pages: 49 Posted: 20 Jul 2023 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2025
Allen N. Berger, Cristina Ortega and Raluca A. Roman
University of South Carolina - Darla Moore School of Business, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
Downloads 52 (1,060,784)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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Paycheck Protection Program, PPP, bank efficiency, profit efficiency, cost efficiency, bank deposits, lending, labor market.

Banking on Deforestation: The Cost of Nonenforcement

Journal of Financial Intermediation (JFI), Forthcoming
Number of pages: 78 Posted: 19 Aug 2025 Last Revised: 23 Apr 2026
University of South Carolina - Darla Moore School of Business, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Halle Institute for Economic Research and Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
Downloads 73 (871,518)

Abstract:

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Bank Lending, Environmental Law Enforcement, Deforestation Risk

3.

Bank Ownership and Deforestation: Which Banks are Impacting the Amazon Rainforest?

Number of pages: 10 Posted: 22 Sep 2023
Matias Ossandon Busch and Cristina Ortega
Halle Institute for Economic Research and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Downloads 80 (809,932)

Abstract:

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State-ownership, Banking, Deforestation, Brazilian Amazon

Other Papers (1)

Total Downloads: 149
1.

Banking on Deforestation:
The Cost of Nonenforcement

Number of pages: 60 Posted: 15 Apr 2024 Last Revised: 12 Aug 2025
University of South Carolina - Darla Moore School of Business, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Halle Institute for Economic Research and Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
Downloads 149 (557,154)

Abstract:

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environmental law enforcement, climate risk, financial institutions, bank credit, Brazilian Amazon, sustainable finance, deforestation