Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Asociación Benefica PRISMA, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Government of Mali - Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, University of Washington, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr,b), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), University of Washington, Aga Khan University, - Infectious Diseases Division, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Emory University - Rollins School of Public Health, Asociación Benefica PRISMA, - School of Medicine, Aga Khan University - Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, University of Virginia - School of Medicine, - Infectious Diseases Division, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Centre for Vaccine Development (CVD), Qingdao University, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Asociación Benefica PRISMA, University of Virginia - School of Medicine, Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr,b), University of Virginia - Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, University of Virginia, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Government of Mali - Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, University of Liverpool, - Department of Pediatrics, University of Liverpool, International Vaccine Institute, - School of Medicine, Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Virginia, University of Washington - Department of Global Health, - Department of Pediatrics, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) and Independent

Emory University - Rollins School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, World Health Organization (WHO) - Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, University of the Witwatersrand - Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, RWTH Aachen University - RWTH University Hospital Aachen, University of Amsterdam - Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Consejería de Sanidad - Servicio de Epidemiología, Yale University - Institute for Global Health, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Statens Serums Institut - Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention, University of West Attica, National Institute of Public Health, affiliation not provided to SSRN, World Health Organization (WHO), Government of the United Kingdom - NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Epiconcept, Riga Stradins University, University of Melbourne - Murdoch Children's Research Institute, World Health Organization (WHO), Toyama Institute of Health - Department of Bacteriology, Tampere University - Faculty of Social Sciences, INEI - ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" - Servicio de Bacteriología Clínica, World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu - Molecular Microbiology Department, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Australian Government - Centre for Disease Control, University of Toronto, Regional Authority of Public Health - National Reference Centre for Pneumococcal and Haemophilus Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - Medical Research Council Unit: The Gambia, LACEN - Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Public Health England - Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Landspitali - The National University Hospital - Department of Clinical Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Kaiser Permanente Northern California - Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, University of Calgary, The University of Sydney, The University of Hong Kong - Department of Microbiology, University of Bern, Government of the United States of America - Arctic Investigations Program, Johns Hopkins University - Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, National Institute of Public Health, ESR (Institute of Environmental Science and Research) - Health Intelligence Team, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of Liverpool, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Université Laval, Statens Serums Institut, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Faculty of Health Science, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street - Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Italian National Institute of Health, National Centre for Infectious Diseases (Singapore), University of Utah Health Sciences Center - Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Johns Hopkins University - Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center and Independent

Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, University of Oxford - KEMRI-Coast Centre for Geographical Medicine and Research, Emory University - Rollins School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Worcester - UMass Chan Medical School, Johns Hopkins University - Bloomberg School of Public Health, World Health Organization (WHO) - Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, Yale University - Institute for Global Health, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand - Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Santé Publique France, RWTH Aachen University - RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Statens Serums Institut - Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention, Mie National Hospital, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, National Medicines Institute, National Institute of Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Epiconcept, Riga Stradins University, Rey Juan Carlos University, University of Melbourne - Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Calgary, Institute of Public Health of Chile - National Agency for Medical Devices, Innovation and Development (ANDID), Tampere University - Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Australian Government - Centre for Disease Control, University of Toronto, Regional Authority of Public Health - National Reference Centre for Pneumococcal and Haemophilus Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - Medical Research Council Unit: The Gambia, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health Scotland, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Public Health England - Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Landspitali - The National University Hospital - Department of Clinical Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Kaiser Permanente Northern California - Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, The University of Sydney, The University of Hong Kong - Department of Microbiology, University of Bern, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Child Health Research Foundation, Johns Hopkins University - Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Carlos III Institute of Health - CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), National Institute of Public Health, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Public Health Organization, Athens, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Université Laval, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Faculty of Health Science, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministry of Health, Oman, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Italian National Institute of Health, Government of the United States of America - National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), University of Utah Health Sciences Center - Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University - Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University - International Vaccine Access Center and Independent

University of Oxford - Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford - Pandemic Sciences Institute, Emory University, Epicentre (Paris), Instituto Butantan, Emory University, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Rutgers School of Public Health, University of Oxford - Pandemic Sciences Institute, Emory University - Rollins School of Public Health, University of Oxford - Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, University of Oxford - Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Kemri-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, PATH, University of Oxford, University of Oxford - The Ethox Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - Pandemic Sciences Institute, Government Medical College, University of Cambridge - Department of Genetics, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Gates Foundation, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, University of Oxford - Big Data Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, University of Oxford - Big Data Institute and University of Oxford - Big Data Institute