McMaster University - Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University - Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), McMaster University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Glasgow - Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Freiburg, University of Dundee, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, McMaster University - Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI) and IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital