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Sophia Kazinnik

Stanford University

367 Panama St

Stanford, CA 94305

United States

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

23

DOWNLOADS
Rank 4,248

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 4,248

in Total Papers Downloads

21,166

TOTAL CITATIONS
Rank 37,184

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 37,184

in Total Papers Citations

41

Scholarly Papers (23)

1.

Can ChatGPT Decipher Fedspeak?

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 07 Apr 2023 Last Revised: 11 Apr 2024
Anne Lundgaard Hansen and Sophia Kazinnik
Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Stanford University
Downloads 10,527 (1,300)
Citation 32

Abstract:

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Natural Language Processing (NLP), Generative Pre-training Transformer (GPT), Federal Reserve Communication, Applications, Artificial Intelligence (AI)

2.

Simulating the Survey of Professional Forecasters

Number of pages: 68 Posted: 10 Feb 2025 Last Revised: 07 Jul 2026
Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, Indiana University Bloomington - Department of Economics and Indiana University
Downloads 3,422 (8,896)

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Generative Artificial Intelligence, Survey of Professional Forecasters, Expectations Formation, Simulated Economic Agents

3.

Let's Face It: Quantifying the Impact of Nonverbal Communication in FOMC Press Conferences

Proceedings of the EUROFIDAI-ESSEC Paris December Finance Meeting 2022
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 18 Feb 2021 Last Revised: 25 Apr 2023
Filippo Curti and Sophia Kazinnik
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Quantitative Supervision & Research and Stanford University
Downloads 1,331 (37,962)

Abstract:

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Central Bank Communication, Facial Recognition, Video, Market Expectations

Under Pressure: Strategic Signaling in Bank Earnings Calls

Number of pages: 51 Posted: 07 Aug 2025
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Stanford University and European Central Bank (ECB)
Downloads 231 (339,975)

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Large Language Models, Earnings Calls, Banking, Communication, Beliefs, Information Asymmetry, Signaling

Evaluating Local Language Models: An Application to Financial Earnings Calls

Number of pages: 53 Posted: 09 Nov 2023 Last Revised: 08 Aug 2025
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Stanford University, Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
Downloads 880 (68,624)
Citation 4

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Large Language Models (LLMs), Banking, Natural Language Processing (NLP)

5.

Bank Run, Interrupted: Modeling Deposit Withdrawals with Generative AI

Number of pages: 53 Posted: 20 Dec 2023 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2025
Sophia Kazinnik
Stanford University
Downloads 1,067 (56,116)

Abstract:

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Large Language Models, Behavioral Finance, Generative AI, Policy Communication, Bank Runs, Survey, Experiment

6.

FOMC In Silico: A Multi-Agent System for Monetary Policy Decision Modeling

Number of pages: 63 Posted: 08 Sep 2025 Last Revised: 18 Mar 2026
Sophia Kazinnik and Tara M. Sinclair
Stanford University and George Washington University - Department of Economics
Downloads 671 (106,165)

Abstract:

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Generative AI, Multi-Agent Systems, Large Language Models, Federal Open Market Committee, Monetary Policy, Simulations

7.

What is Generative AI Worth?

Number of pages: 22 Posted: 14 Apr 2026
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Carnegie Mellon University, Copenhagen Business School - Department of Marketing, Stanford University and Stanford University
Downloads 532 (207,095)

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Generative AI, consumer surplus, consumer welfare, willingness to accept, digital goods

8.

Ex Machina: Financial Stability in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Number of pages: 49 Posted: 07 Oct 2025 Last Revised: 27 Feb 2026
Deutsche Bundesbank, Stanford University, European Central Bank, Financial Research Division and - Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF)
Downloads 428 (181,053)

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Financial Stability, Strategic Uncertainty, Coordination Games, Q-Learning, Large Language Models, AI Agents

9.

Augmenting Survey Data with Generative AI: An Application to Economic Research

Number of pages: 44 Posted: 25 Mar 2026
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Stanford University, Stanford University and Stanford University
Downloads 358 (239,208)

Abstract:

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Large Language Models, Generative Artificial Intelligence, Economic Measurement, Simulated Economic Agents, Survey Design

10.

Social Group Bias in AI Finance

Number of pages: 60 Posted: 13 Jun 2025
Thomas R. Cook and Sophia Kazinnik
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and Stanford University
Downloads 292 (264,351)
Citation 2

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Large Language Models, Mortgage Lending, Bias, Proxy Discrimination, Representation Engineering, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), AI in Finance JEL Classification: C45, D63, G21, G28, O33

11.

AI and the Fed

Number of pages: 52 Posted: 24 Jul 2025 Last Revised: 14 May 2026
Sophia Kazinnik and Erik Brynjolfsson
Stanford University and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Downloads 267 (290,667)

Abstract:

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Artificial Intelligence, General Purpose Technology, Federal Reserve System, Central Banks, Use of AI in Government JEL Codes: E58, O33, J24, G28

Does Media Sentiment Influence Bank Supervision?

Number of pages: 51 Posted: 16 Apr 2024
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Quantitative Supervision & Research, Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Stanford University
Downloads 168 (448,643)

Abstract:

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Media Sentiment, Bank Holding Companies (BHCs), Bank Supervision, Supervisory Ratings, Financial News, Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Does Media Sentiment Influence Bank Supervision?

Number of pages: 56 Posted: 22 Feb 2025
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Quantitative Supervision & Research, Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Stanford University
Downloads 93 (761,092)

Abstract:

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Media Sentiment, Bank Holding Companies (BHCs), Bank Supervision, Supervisory Ratings, Financial News, Natural Language Processing (NLP)

13.

Text Mining Methodologies with R: An Application to Central Bank Texts

Machine Learning with Applications, Elsevier, vol. 8, no. 100286, June 2022 [10.1016/j.mlwa.2022.100286]
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 09 Aug 2023 Last Revised: 19 Sep 2024
Jonathan Benchimol, Sophia Kazinnik and Yossi Saadon
Bank of Israel, Stanford University and Bank of Israel - Research Department
Downloads 216 (361,209)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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Text mining, R programming, Sentiment analysis, Topic modelling, Natural language processing, Central bank communication, Bank of Israel, Text analysis

14.

Central Bank Communication and Website Characteristics

Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 212, No. August, 2023
Number of pages: 62 Posted: 09 Aug 2023
Filippo Curti and Sophia Kazinnik
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond - Quantitative Supervision & Research and Stanford University
Downloads 179 (424,491)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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Central Bank Communication, Transparency, Credibility, Alternative Data, Visual Presentation, User Experience, Surveys

15.

What Do LLMs Want? 

Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Working Paper No. RWP25-19
Number of pages: 62 Posted: 01 Dec 2025
Thomas R. Cook, Zach Modig, Sophia Kazinnik and Nathan Palmer
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Stanford University and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Downloads 117 (630,858)

Abstract:

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16.

Measuring Communication Quality of Interest Rate Announcements

The Economists’ Voice, De Gruyter, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 43-53, June 2023 [10.1515/ev-2022-0023]
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 09 Aug 2023 Last Revised: 19 Sep 2024
Jonathan Benchimol, Itamar Caspi and Sophia Kazinnik
Bank of Israel, Bank of Israel - Research Department and Stanford University
Downloads 90 (771,553)

Abstract:

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Text mining, Central bank communication, Monetary policy, Financial stability., Text complexity

17.

Stories People Hear About Inflation

Number of pages: 63 Posted: 29 Jun 2026
Sophia Kazinnik
Stanford University
Downloads 73

Abstract:

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Narrative Economics, Inflation Expectations, Podcasts, Text as Data, Sparse Autoencoders, Large Language Models

18.

Sex, Drugs, and LLMs: Social Desirability Bias in Language Models

Number of pages: 24 Posted: 15 May 2026
Stanford University, Stanford University, University of Chicago, Stanford University and Stanford University - Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence
Downloads 47 (1,222,651)

Abstract:

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Large Language Models, Social Desirability Bias, Synthetic Respondents, Representation Engineering, Activation Steering, Truthfulness, Alignment, Survey Measurement

19.

Ex Machina: financial stability in the age of artificial intelligence

ECB Working Paper No. 20263225
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 07 May 2026
Deutsche Bundesbank, Stanford University, European Central Bank, Financial Research Division and - Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF)
Downloads 47 (1,290,922)

Abstract:

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AI agents, coordination games, financial stability, large language models, Q-learning, strategic uncertainty

20.

Federal Reserve Communication and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Manchester School, Wiley, vol. 93, issue 5, pages 464-484, September 2025 [10.1111/manc.12520]
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 07 Aug 2025
Jonathan Benchimol, Sophia Kazinnik and Yossi Saadon
Bank of Israel, Stanford University and Bank of Israel - Research Department
Downloads 47 (1,109,210)

Abstract:

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Central bank communication, Unconventional monetary policy, Financial stability, COVID-19, Text mining, Text analysis, Machine learning, Natural language processing

21.

Monetary Policy Rules in Practice: The Case of Israel

International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 76, No. 11, 2021
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 20 Dec 2023
Sophia Kazinnik and David H. Papell
Stanford University and University of Houston - Department of Economics
Downloads 37 (1,222,651)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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monetary policy rules, central bank communication, Israel

22.

Ai and the Fed

NBER Working Paper No. w33998
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 09 Jul 2025 Last Revised: 14 Jul 2025
Sophia Kazinnik and Erik Brynjolfsson
Stanford University and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Downloads 25 (1,385,945)
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23.

What Do LLMs Want?

FEDS Working Paper No. 2026-6
Number of pages: 62 Posted: 17 Feb 2026
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Stanford University, Federal Reserve Board of Governors and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Downloads 21 (1,436,435)

Abstract:

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Behavioral economics, Game theory, Search and matching models