King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Zoe Global Limited, King’s College London - Department of Nutritional Sciences, Zoe Global Limited, Lund University - Department of Clinical Sciences, Zoe Global Limited, Zoe Global Limited, Zoe Global Limited, University of Trento - Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento - Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Harvard University - Department of Epidemiology, Newson Health Menopause & Wellbeing Centre, Harvard University - Massachusetts General Hospital, Tufts University, Harvard University - Massachusetts General Hospital, King's College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, University of Nottingham - Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology and King’s College London - Department of Nutritional Sciences

King's College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, University of Nottingham - Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, Zoe Global Limited, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Zoe Global Limited, Cedars Sinai Medical Center - Cancer Research Center for Health Equity, affiliation not provided to SSRN, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, affiliation not provided to SSRN, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, University College London, affiliation not provided to SSRN, King’s College London - Division of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Zoe Global Limited, Zoe Global Limited, Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, affiliation not provided to SSRN, King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences and King's College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology

University of Nottingham - Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, University College London - Institute of Cardiovascular Science, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University College London, University of Nottingham, University of Nottingham, University of Nottingham, University of Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Queen Mary University of London - Blizard Institute, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Queen Mary University of London - Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Government of the United Kingdom - Barts Health NHS Trust, King's College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, University College London - Division of Infection and Immunity, Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, University of Nottingham and Government of the United Kingdom - Barts Health NHS Trust

affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, King’s College London, affiliation not provided to SSRN, King's College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, University of Nottingham - Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN and King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology