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Eduard Fosch-Villaronga

Leiden University

Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Researcher

Steenschuur 25

Leiden, 2311 ES

Netherlands

  • Leiden University

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

23

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26

Scholarly Papers (23)

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1.

Humans Forget, Machines Remember: Artificial Intelligence and the Right to Be Forgotten

Computer Security & Law Review (Forthcoming)
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 15 Aug 2017
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Peter Kieseberg and Tiffany C. Li
Leiden University, SBA Research and Yale Law School - Information Society Project
Downloads 2,829 (11,671)
Citation 9

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technology, law, cyberlaw, cyberspace, internet, artificial intelligence, computers, computer law, privacy, privacy law, EU law, GDPR, data protection, technology law, right to be forgotten

2.

Fairness, Ai & Recruitment

Number of pages: 47 Posted: 01 Nov 2023
Carlotta Rigotti and Eduard Fosch-Villaronga
Leiden University and Leiden University
Downloads 713 (90,523)

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Fairness, hiring, recruitment, Discrimination, data protection, artificial intelligence

3.

Cloud Robotics Law and Regulation

Queen Mary School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 295/2018
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 23 Dec 2018
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Christopher Millard
Leiden University and Queen Mary University of London, School of Law - Centre for Commercial Law Studies
Downloads 511 (137,600)

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cloud, cloud computing, cloud robotics, robots, cyber-physical system, law, technology, policy, human-robot interaction, privacy, data protection, product safety

4.

Did I Tell You My New Therapist is a Robot? Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues of Healthcare and Therapeutic Robots

Number of pages: 30 Posted: 09 Nov 2018
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux and Christoph Lutz
Leiden University, University of Lausanne and BI Norwegian Business School
Downloads 503 (142,318)
Citation 1

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Ethical Legal and Societal Issues (ELSI), Healthcare Robots, Human-Robot Interaction, Autonomy, Privacy, Responsibility

5.

Chilling Effects of Profiling Activities: Mapping the Issues

Number of pages: 36 Posted: 07 May 2019
Moritz Büchi, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Christoph Lutz, Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux, Shruthi Velidi and Salome Viljoen
University of Zurich, Leiden University, BI Norwegian Business School, University of Lausanne, BI Norwegian Business School and University of Michigan Law School
Downloads 463 (156,239)
Citation 11

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profiling, inferences, chilling effects, surveillance, data protection, privacy, algorithms, big data, digital footprints

6.

The Role of Consent in an Algorithmic Society – Its Evolution, Scope, Failings and Re-conceptualization

n. In: Kostas, E., Leenes, R., & Kamara, I (2022) Research Handbook on EU data protection. Edward Elgar Publishing, 455–473, https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800371682.00027
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 25 Jan 2023
Bart Custers, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Simone van der Hof, Bart Willem Schermer, Alan M. Sears and Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux
Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies, Leiden University, Leiden University - Leiden Law School, Leiden Law School, Center for Law and Digital Technologies (eLaw), Leiden Law School, Leiden University and University of Lausanne
Downloads 346 (219,135)

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consent, GDPR, data protection law, WP29, informed consent, unambiguous consent, explicit consent

7.

Gendering Algorithms in Social Media

ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 23(1), 24–31, https://doi.org/10.1145/3468507.3468512.
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 10 Jun 2021
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Adam Poulsen, Roger A. Søraa and Bart Custers
Leiden University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 341 (219,135)

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Gender; Twitter; Inference; Gender Classifier; Privacy; Algorithmic Bias; Discrimination; LGBTQAI+; Gender Stereotyping; Social Media

8.

Understanding the Legal Bases for Automated Decision-Making Under the GDPR

In: Kostas, E., Leenes, R. & Kamara, I (2022) Research Handbook on EU data protection. Edward Elgar Publishing, 435–454, https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800371682.00026
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 25 Jan 2023
Maja Niševič, Alan M. Sears, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Bart Custers
University of Verona, Center for Law and Digital Technologies (eLaw), Leiden Law School, Leiden University, Leiden University and Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 279 (280,513)

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automated decision-making, ADM, article 22 GDPR, GDPR

9.

State of the Art on Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Linked to Audio- and Video-Based AAL Solutions

Ake-Kob, Alin, et al. 2021. State of the art on ethical, legal, and social issues linked to audio- and video-based AAL solutions. Alicante: University of Alicante
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 28 Dec 2021 Last Revised: 23 Dec 2022
Alin Ake-Kob, Aurelija Blazeviciene, Liane Colonna, Anto Cartolovni, Carina Dantas, Anton Fedosov, Francisco Florez-Revuelta, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Zhicheng He, Andrzej Klimczuk, Maksymilian Kuźmicz, Adrienn Lukacs, Christoph Lutz, Renata Mekovec, Cristina Miguel, Emilio Mordini, Zada Pajalic, Barbara Krystyna Pierscionek, Maria Jose Santofimia Romero, Albert Ali Salah, Andrzej Sobecki, Agusti Solanas, Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux and Sara Colantonio
affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Stockholm University - Faculty of Law, Catholic University of Croatia, Independent, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Universidad de Alicante, Leiden University, Stockholm University - Faculty of Law, Warsaw School of Economics (SGH), affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, BI Norwegian Business School, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, VID Specialized University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Utrecht University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Lausanne and National Research Council of Italy
Downloads 266 (290,667)
Citation 1

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Ethical principles, Privacy, Assistive Living Technologies, Privacy by Design, General Data Protection Regulation

10.

'Regulation, I Presume?', Said the Robot. Towards an Iterative Regulatory Process for Robot Governance

Number of pages: 41 Posted: 21 Jun 2018
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Michiel A. Heldeweg
Leiden University and University of Twente
Downloads 194 (395,523)
Citation 2

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robot governance, combined top-down/bottom-up approach, data generator, robot impact assessment, evidence-based policy, iterative regulatory process

11.

Robots, Standards and the Law: Rivalries between Private Standards and Public Policymaking for Robot Governance

In: Computer Law & Security Review, Volume 35, Issue 2, April 2019, Pages 129-144.
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 01 Apr 2021
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Angelo Golia
Leiden University and Luiss Guido Carli University - Department of Law
Downloads 191 (405,402)

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Standard, Standardization, Lawmaking, Robots, Artificial intelligence, Policy, Human-robot interaction, Private actors, Public regulatory bodies

12.

Medical Robots and the Right to Health Care: A Progressive Realisation

Pierce, R. L. & Fosch-Villarong, E. (forthcoming, 2021). In: Ienca, Stefanini, Liguori, Pollicino, & Andorno (forthcoming 2021), Cambridge Handbook of Life Science, Information Technology and Human Rights, Cambridge University Press.
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 22 Mar 2021
Robin Pierce and Eduard Fosch-Villaronga
Tilburg Institute for Law Technology and Society, Tilburg Law School and Leiden University
Downloads 189 (403,391)

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Robots, Healthcare, Right to health, Progressive realisation, New Technologies, Cost efficiency

13.

Competing Legal Futures - Commodification Bets all the Way from Personal Data to AI.

in German Law Journal 25(7): 1095–1119
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 10 Jul 2023 Last Revised: 03 Feb 2025
Marco Giraudo, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Gianclaudio Malgieri
University of Turin, Leiden University and Universiteit Leiden, eLaw
Downloads 171 (442,467)

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Uncertainty, legal uncertainty, digital markets, AIA, surveillance capitalism

14.

Humanizing Machines: Introduction and Overview

Custers, B.H.M., Fosch Villaronga, E. (2022) Humanizing Machines: Introduction and Overview, in: B.H.M. Custers & E. Fosch Villaronga (eds.) Law and Artificial Intelligence, Heidelberg: Springer, p. 3-28.
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 10 Aug 2023
Bart Custers and Eduard Fosch-Villaronga
Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies and Leiden University
Downloads 157 (477,517)

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15.

A little bird told me your gender: Gender inferences in social media

Fosch-Villaronga, E., Poulsen, A., Søraa, R.A., Custers, B.H.M. (2021) A little bird told me your gender: Gender inferences in social media, Information Processing and Management 58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102541.
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 28 Jan 2022
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Adam Poulsen, Roger A. Søraa and Bart Custers
Leiden University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 113 (626,371)
Citation 2

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Gender, Twitter, Social media, Inference, Gender classifier, Automated gender recognition system, Privacy, Algorithmic bias, Discrimination, LGBTQAI+, Gender stereotyping, Online Behavioral Advertising

16.

Position Paper on Ethical, Legal and Social Challenges Linked to Audio- and Video-Based AAL Solutions

A. Ake-Kob, et al., Position paper on ethical, legal and social challenges linked to audio- and video-based AAL solutions, University of Alicante, Alicante 2022
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 13 Dec 2022 Last Revised: 22 Dec 2022
Alin Ake-Kob, Slavisa Aleksic, Zoltan Alexin, Aurelija Blazeviciene, Anto Cartolovni, Liane Colonna, Carina Dantas, Anton Fedosov, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Francisco Florez-Revuelta, Zhicheng He, Aleksandar Jevremovic, Andrzej Klimczuk, Maksymilian Kuźmicz, Lambros Lambrinos, Christoph Lutz, Anamaria Malešević, Renata Mekovec, Cristina Miguel, Tamar Mujirishvili, Zada Pajalic, Rodrigo Perez Vega, Barbara Krystyna Pierscionek, Siddharth Ravi, Pika Sarf, Agusti Solanas and Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux
affiliation not provided to SSRN, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences - HTWK Leipzig, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Catholic University of Croatia, Stockholm University - Faculty of Law, Independent, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Leiden University, Universidad de Alicante, Stockholm University - Faculty of Law, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Warsaw School of Economics (SGH), affiliation not provided to SSRN, Cyprus University of Technology, BI Norwegian Business School, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, VID Specialized University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN and University of Lausanne
Downloads 79 (816,709)

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ethics, privacy, computer vision, audio processing, active assisted living, active ageing, silver economy

17.

The Law Behind the Paywall

Number of pages: 12 Posted: 15 Sep 2025
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Mohammed Raiz Shaffique
Leiden University and Leiden University - Centre for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 55 (1,086,013)

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Harmonised Standards, Malamud Case, Robotics and Law, ISO 13482, Personal Care Robots

18.

Law and AI in Hiring: Lessons from the EU on Reconceptualizing Risks and Rights

Number of pages: 26 Posted: 31 Mar 2026
Carlotta Rigotti, Nastazja Potocka-Sionek, Antonio Aloisi and Eduard Fosch-Villaronga
Leiden University, University of Luxembourg, IE University - IE Law SchoolNew York University (NYU) - Jean Monnet Center and Leiden University
Downloads 45 (1,236,159)

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AI Act, hiring, discrimination, data protection, safety, harmonized standards, fundamental rights impact assessment, job applicants, multi-stakeholder engagement

19.

Privacy Considerations for Socially Assistive Robots

In: Barfield, W., Weng, Y.H., Pagallo, U. (eds.) The Cambridge Handbook of the Law, Policy, and Regulation for Human-Robot Interaction. Cambridge University Press, p. 573-590.
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 13 Feb 2026
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Hadassah Drukarch and Bart Custers
Leiden University, Leiden University - Center for Law in the Information Society and Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 28 (1,448,301)

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socially assistive robots, privacy, data protection, assisted living technologies, GDPR, Therapeutic robots

20.

Science for Robot Policy Advancing Robotics Policy Through the EU Science for Policy Approach

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, volume 218, 2025[10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124202]
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 13 Feb 2026
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Mohammed Raiz Shaffique, Marie Schwed-Schenker, Antoni Mut Piña, Simone van der Hof and Bart Custers
Leiden University, Leiden University - Centre for Law and Digital Technologies, Universiteit Leiden, eLaw, University of Baleares Islands, Leiden University - Leiden Law School and Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 18 (1,509,872)

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science for policy, robotics regulation, evidence-based policymaking, service robots, knowledge brokering, ISO standards, Constructive research approach

21.

Defining Socially Assistive Robots for the Law: Preliminary Results of a Systematic Review

In: Palinko, O., et al. (eds.) Social Robotics: 16th International Conference, ICSR + AI 2024, Odense, Denmark, October 23–26, 2024 Lecture Notes in Computer Science nr. 15563, Springer, p. 268-278.
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 13 Feb 2026
Marie Schwed-Schenker, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Bart Custers
Universiteit Leiden, eLaw, Leiden University and Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 16 (1,526,714)

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socially assistive robots, socially interactive robots, social robots, law, personal care, systematic review

22.

User Perceptions of Misgendering Algorithms

Big Data & Society, volume 12, issue 4, 2025[10.1177/20539517251398719]
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 13 Feb 2026
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Antoni Mut Piña, Tessa Verhoef, Adam Poulsen, Roger A. Søraa, Hadassah Drukarch, Anne Noel, Scarlett Tunney and Bart Custers
Leiden University, University of Baleares Islands, Leiden University, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Leiden University - Center for Law in the Information Society, Leiden University Leiden Law School, Leiden University Leiden Law School and Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies
Downloads 9 (1,561,096)

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Gender, social media, gender classification system, algorithmic bias, discrimination, transparency

23.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of AI in Radiology

E. Ranschaert et al. (eds.), AI Implementation in Radiology, Imaging Informatics for Healthcare Professionals, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-68942-0_6
Posted: 28 Mar 2025
Bart Custers and Eduard Fosch-Villaronga
Leiden University - Center for Law and Digital Technologies and Leiden University

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AI in radiology, human dignity, privacy, discrimination, autonomy, accountability

Other Papers (1)

Total Downloads: 103
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1.

Regulatory Framework for a Cloud-Based Architecture that Supports a Lego® Play-Based Robot-Mediated Therapy for Children with ASD

Number of pages: 1 Posted: 13 Apr 2016
Eduard Fosch-Villaronga and Jordi Albo-Canals
Leiden University and La Salle
Downloads 103

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Robot Therapy, ASD Research, Regulatory Framework, Ethical Issues, Law and Robotics.