Duke University - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado at Denver - Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Germans Trias y Pujol (ICO-IJC) - Institut de Recerca de la Sida. IrsiCaixa, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis - Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis - School of Public Health, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis - School of Public Health, University of Florida - Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Duke University - Department of Medicine, Duke University - Department of Medicine, Baylor University - Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein Medical Center - Institute for Heart and Vascular Disease, Baylor University - Baylor Scott & White Health Medical Center - Temple, University of Texas at Dallas - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Stanford University - Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University - Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Brown University - Infectious Diseases Division, Stanford University - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, St Joseph’s Hospital - The Division of Infectious Diseases, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology - Broad Institute of MIT Harvard, Harvard University - Massachusetts General Hospital, University of South Florida, University of South Florida, University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, Baylor University - Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor University - Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Intermountain Medical Center - Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St Joseph’s Hospital - The Division of Infectious Diseases, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, - Laiko General Hospital, - Laiko General Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Government of the United Kingdom - Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Harvard University - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Vanderbilt University - Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of Colorado at Denver - School of Medicine, Wake Forest University - Section for Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases, University of Zurich - Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Medical School, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Makerere University, Makerere University, University of Copenhagen - Department of Clinical Medicine, Emory University, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - Uganda Research Unit, Baylor College of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Swedish Medical Center, Velocity Clinical Research, Texas A&M University- Corpus Christi, University of Massachusetts Worcester - UMass Chan Medical School, Cotton University, Universidad Linda Vista, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, University College London - Institute for Global Health, University of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Mount Sinai Health System - Icahn School of Medicine, Tetracore, Inc. Rockville, Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Government of the United States of America - Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Inc., Government of the United States of America - Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Government of the United States of America - Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, University College London - MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Intermountain Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Harvard University - Massachusetts General Hospital, Government of the United States of America - Washington DC VA Medical Center, Government of the United States of America - Washington DC VA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis - School of Statistics, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis - School of Public Health, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis - School of Public Health, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals - AstraZeneca R&D, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals - AstraZeneca R&D, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals - AstraZeneca R&D, University College London, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Mount Sinai Health System - Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Government of the United States of America - Washington DC VA Medical Center, University of New South Wales (UNSW) - Kirby Institute, Harvard University - Massachusetts General Hospital, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis, Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and University of Copenhagen - Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections CHIP

affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Vanderbilt University - Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Duke University - Duke Clinical Research Institute, Vanderbilt University - Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vanderbilt University

Government of the United States of America - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Government of the United States of America - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Government of the United States of America - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Baylor Scott & White Health, Baylor University - Baylor Scott & White Health Medical Center - Temple, Baylor University - Baylor Scott & White Health Medical Center - Temple, University of Massachusetts Worcester - UMass Chan Medical School, Harvard University - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Emory University - Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Medicine, Yeshiva University - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University - Department of Medicine, Stanford University - School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Miami - Department of Medicine, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - School of Public Health, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington - Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Vanderbilt University - Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University - School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis - Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University - Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, Vanderbilt University - Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, Government of the United States of America - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Government of the United States of America - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Government of the United States of America - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Government of the United States of America - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Yale University - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver - Department of Emergency Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Medical Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University, University of Massachusetts Worcester - UMass Chan Medical School, Johns Hopkins University, Hennepin Healthcare, Yeshiva University - Montefiore Medical Center, University of Washington, Oregon Health and Science University, Cleveland Clinic, Stanford University, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Emory University, Northwestern University, Ohio State University (OSU), Henry Ford Health System, University of Arizona, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University, Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Government of the United States of America - CDC COVID-19 Response, Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Washington University School of Medicine - Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University - Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine - Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University - Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center

affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Oregon Health and Science University, Wake Forest University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Vanderbilt University Medical Center - Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Duke University - Duke Clinical Research Institute, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University - Department of Biomedical Engineering