Basel University - CLEAR Methods Center, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, University of Paris, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - National Institute of Health, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Laboratoire de Virologie, University of Toronto, McGill University - Division of Experimental Medicine, University of Toronto - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo - Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, affiliation not provided to SSRN, China-Japan Friendship Hospital - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - National Institute of Health, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, University of Basel - Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard - INSERM, IAME Infectious Diseases Department, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital and University of Basel - University Hospital Basel

University of Oslo - Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Hospital Universitario La Paz. IdiPAZ, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, University of Oslo - Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Lille, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Verona, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena - Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Medical University of Innsbruck, Government of Portugal - Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, Sorbonne University, University of Oslo - Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Pécs, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Hospital Brno, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, Hacettepe University, Technische Universität München (TUM), Hospices Civils de Lyon - Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, Sorbonne University, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, University of Oslo - Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Stavanger - Stavanger University Hospital, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, University Hospital North Norway, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Akershus University Hospital - Department of Infectious Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Sorbonne University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Oslo - Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Laboratoire de Virologie, University of Nantes - INSERM, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, University of Verona - Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Oslo - Department of Research Support for Clinical Trials and Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP

Basel University - CLEAR Methods Center, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, Basel University - CLEAR Methods Center, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, Basel University - CLEAR Methods Center, University Hospitals of Geneva, Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), The Emmes Company, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, University of Cambridge, NHS Foundation Trust - Cambridge University Hospitals, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Hospital Universitario La Paz. IdiPAZ, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, University of Sydney - George Institute for Global Health, Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard - INSERM, IAME Infectious Diseases Department, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - Department of Infectious Disease, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, University of Verona - Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Cité, University of Nantes - INSERM, Sorbonne University, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo - Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo - Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases and University of Basel - University Hospital Basel

affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, University of Basel - University Hospital Basel, University College Cork - TRAMS (Trial Research and Methodologies Unit), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), McMaster University - Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), Independent, The Ottawa Health Research Institute (OHRI), Independent and University of Basel - University Hospital Basel