The Closing of the Gender Gap as a Roy Model Illusion

27 Pages Posted: 22 Nov 2004 Last revised: 7 Oct 2022

See all articles by Casey B. Mulligan

Casey B. Mulligan

University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Yona Rubinstein

Tel Aviv University - Eitan Berglas School of Economics

Date Written: November 2004

Abstract

Rising wage inequality within-gender since 1975 has created the illusion of rising wage equality between genders. In the 1970's, women were relatively equal (to each other) in terms of their earnings potential, so that nonwage factors may have dominated female labor supply decisions and nonworking women actually had more earnings potential than working women. By 1990, wages had become unequal enough that they dominated nonwage factors, so that nonworking women tended to be the ones with less earnings potential, and the wage gap between workers and nonworkers was large. Accounting for the growing selection bias using both parametric and semi-parametric versions of the Roy model, we show how the earning power of the median woman has not caught up to the earning power of a median man, even while the earning power of the median working woman has. As an illustration, we give some attention to wives with advanced degrees -- they have high and stable labor force participation rates -- and show how their measured wages have grown at about the same rate as those of men with advanced degrees.

Suggested Citation

Mulligan, Casey B. and Rubinstein, Yona, The Closing of the Gender Gap as a Roy Model Illusion (November 2004). NBER Working Paper No. w10892, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=618574

Casey B. Mulligan (Contact Author)

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Yona Rubinstein

Tel Aviv University - Eitan Berglas School of Economics ( email )

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Israel
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