Bernard Chao

University of Denver Sturm College of Law

Professor

2255 E. Evans Avenue

Denver, CO 80208

United States

  • University of Denver Sturm College of Law

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

46

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9,464

TOTAL CITATIONS
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20

Scholarly Papers (46)

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1.

Countering the Plaintiff’s Anchor: Jury Simulations to Evaluate Damages Arguments

101 Iowa Law Review 543 (2016), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 14-36, Arizona Legal Studies Discussion Paper No. 14-25
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 22 Jul 2014 Last Revised: 09 Mar 2017
John Campbell, Bernard Chao, Christopher T. Robertson and David V. Yokum
University of Denver Sturm College of Law, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, Boston University and University of Arizona - James E. Rogers College of Law
Downloads 910 (56,950)
Citation 7

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anchoring, concession, jury, remedies

2.

Time Is Money: An Empirical Assessment of Non-Economic Damages Arguments

95 Washington University Law Review 1 (2017), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-21, Arizona Legal Studies Discussion Paper No. 16-12
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 04 May 2016 Last Revised: 01 Aug 2017
John Campbell, Bernard Chao and Christopher T. Robertson
University of Denver Sturm College of Law, University of Denver Sturm College of Law and Boston University
Downloads 539 (112,962)

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empirical, remedies, damages, non-economic, anchoring, per diem, tort

3.

Why Courts Fail to Protect Privacy: Race, Age, Bias, and Technology

106 California Law Review 263 (2018), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 17-03, Arizona Legal Studies Discussion Paper No. 17-02
Number of pages: 63 Posted: 02 Mar 2017 Last Revised: 07 May 2018
Bernard Chao, Ian P. Farrell, Catherine Durso and Christopher T. Robertson
University of Denver Sturm College of Law, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, University of Denver and Boston University
Downloads 494 (125,335)

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Fourth Amendment, Privacy, Search and Seizure, Empirical, Third Party Doctrine, Hindsight Bias, Race

4.

Preserving the Royalty-Free Standards Ecosystem

USC CLASS Research Paper No. CLASS22-40, USC Law Legal Studies Paper No. 22-40, University of Utah College of Law Research Paper No. 524, Eur. Intell. Prop. Rev. 45(7): 371-375 (2023)
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 05 Oct 2022 Last Revised: 05 Jul 2023
Jorge L. Contreras, Rudi Bekkers, Brad Biddle, Enrico Bonadio, Michael A. Carrier, Bernard Chao, Charles Duan, Richard Gilbert, Joachim Henkel, Erik Hovenkamp, Martin Husovec, Kai Jakobs, Dong-hyu Kim, Mark A. Lemley, Brian J. Love, Luke McDonagh, Fiona M. Scott Morton, Jason Schultz, Timothy Simcoe, Jennifer M. Urban and Joy Y Xiang
University of Utah - S.J. Quinney College of Law, Eindhoven University of Technology (TUE), Arizona State University (ASU) - College of Law, City University London, The City Law School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Rutgers Law School, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, American University Washington College of Law, University of California, Berkeley, TUM School of Management,Technical University of Munich, Cornell University - Law School, London School of Economics - Law School, RWTH Aachen University, University of Glasgow, Stanford Law School, Santa Clara University - School of Law, LSE Law, Yale School of Management, New York University School of Law, Boston University - Questrom School of Business, University of California, Berkeley - School of Law and Peking University School of Transnational Law
Downloads 422 (151,189)

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standards, patent, royalty-free, FRAND, Bluetooth, USB, IETF, ISO, ETSI, antitrust, competition, open source, software, copyleft

5.

Biological Patent Thickets and Delayed Access to Biosimilars, An American Problem

Journal of Law and the Biosciences, Vol. 9, Issue 2 (Sept. 1 2022), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 22-04
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 17 Mar 2022 Last Revised: 28 Oct 2022
Rachel Goode and Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 419 (152,431)
Citation 3

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Patent, thickets, biologics, drugs, biosimilars, Canada, United Kingdom, United States

6.

After Ebay, Inc. v. Mercexchange: The Changing Landscape for Patent Remedies

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2008
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 30 Jun 2008 Last Revised: 04 Aug 2014
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 382 (169,119)
Citation 1

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injunctions, ongoing royalty, patent, remedies, economic analysis

7.

Finding the Point of Novelty in Software Patents

28 Berkeley Technology Law Journal 1218 (2013), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-46
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 13 Nov 2012 Last Revised: 06 Dec 2013
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 354 (184,074)

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patent eligibility, point of novelty, Mayo, Prometheus, software patents, business method

8.

Privacy Losses as Wrongful Gains

U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 20-05, 106 Iowa Law Review 555 (2021)
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 27 Feb 2020 Last Revised: 07 Jul 2022
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 307 (215,538)

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Privacy, Remedies, Restitution, Unjust Enrichment, Data Breaches, Standing

9.

The Case for Contribution in Patent Law

80 University of Cincinnati Law Review 113 (2011), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-02
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 02 Feb 2011 Last Revised: 01 Aug 2012
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 307 (214,794)
Citation 2

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contribution, remedies, patent, juries, indemnification, apportionment, damages, joint and several liability, anchors, coherence, behavioral economics

10.

A Case Study in Patent Litigation Transparency

2014 Journal of Dispute Resolution 83 , U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 13-47
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 03 Oct 2013 Last Revised: 21 Nov 2014
Bernard Chao and Derigan Silver
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and University of Denver Department of Media, Film and Journalism Studies
Downloads 301 (219,364)
Citation 1

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patent, transparency, First Amendment, open courts

11.

Causation and Harm in a Multicomponent World

164 University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online 61 (2016), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 15-56
Number of pages: 17 Posted: 29 Oct 2015 Last Revised: 13 Jan 2016
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 293 (226,594)

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patent, injunction, causal nexus, remedies, smartphone wars

12.

Brief Of Amicus Curiae Law And Economics Scholars In Support Of Petition For Rehearing En Banc in Continental v. Avanci (5th Cir. 2022)

Santa Clara Univ. Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 26 Apr 2022
Jorge L. Contreras, Michael A. Carrier, Bernard Chao, Andrew Chin, Erik Hovenkamp, Mark A. Lemley, Brian J. Love, A. Douglas Melamed, Guy Rub, Joshua D. Sarnoff, Steven Semeraro, Timothy Simcoe and Joy Y Xiang
University of Utah - S.J. Quinney College of Law, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Rutgers Law School, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, University of North Carolina School of Law, Cornell University - Law School, Stanford Law School, Santa Clara University - School of Law, Stanford Law School, Temple University - James E. Beasley School of Law, DePaul University College of Law, Thomas Jefferson School of Law, Boston University - Questrom School of Business and Peking University School of Transnational Law
Downloads 252 (263,417)

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standards, FRAND, licensing, patent, standing, SSO, antitrust

13.

Unjust Enrichment: Standing Up for Privacy Rights

108 Iowa Law Review Online 49 (2023), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 22-08
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 08 Jul 2022 Last Revised: 16 Mar 2023
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 243 (273,043)

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Privacy, Standing, Restitution, Unjust Enrichment, Remedies, TransUnion

14.

An Early Look at Mayo's Impact on Personalized Medicine

2016 Patently -O-Patent Law Journal 10, U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-11
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 05 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 09 Apr 2016
Bernard Chao and Amy Mapes
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 226 (293,153)

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Patent, Eligiblity, Mayo, Personalized Medicine

15.

Moderating Mayo

107 Northwestern University Law Review 423 (2012), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-12
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 14 Apr 2012 Last Revised: 05 Dec 2012
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 225 (294,423)
Citation 2

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Patentable subject matter, Mayo, Prometheus, point of novelty, Bilski

16.

Rethinking Enablement in the Predictable Arts: Fully Scoping the New Rule

Stanford Technology Law Review, Vol. 3, 2009
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 30 Mar 2009 Last Revised: 01 Apr 2009
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 224 (295,686)

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patent, enablement

17.

Reconciling Foreign and Domestic Infringement

80 UMKC Law Review 607 (2012), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-16
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 21 Sep 2011 Last Revised: 08 Jun 2014
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 216 (306,250)

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18.

Brief of Thirty-Four Law Professors as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellants in Altera Corp. v. Papst Licensing GMBH

Southwestern Law School Research Paper No. 2015-25
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 22 Dec 2015 Last Revised: 06 Jan 2021
Debra Lyn Bassett, Anya Bernstein, Jeremy Bock, Patrick Joseph Borchers, Michael J. Burstein, Michael A. Carrier, Bernard Chao, Colleen V. Chien, Jorge L. Contreras, Scott Dodson, Joshua A. Douglas, Catherine Ross Dunham, Katherine Florey, Roger Allan Ford, Leah Chan Grinvald, Paul R. Gugliuzza, Timothy R. Holbrook, William Hubbard, Sapna Kumar, Megan M. La Belle, Mark A. Lemley, David I. Levine, Joseph Scott Miller, Patricia W. Moore, Ira Steven Nathenson, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Philip A. Pucillo, Charles W. (Rocky) Rhodes, Cassandra Burke Robertson, Christopher B. Seaman, Gregory C. Sisk, Howard Wasserman, Buzz and Matthew K. Telford
Southwestern Law School, University of Connecticut School of Law, Tulane University - Law School, Creighton University School of Law, Yeshiva University - Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Rutgers Law School, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, UC Berkeley School of Law, University of Utah - S.J. Quinney College of Law, UC Law, San Francisco, University of Kentucky - J. David Rosenberg College of Law, Elon University School of Law, University of California, Davis, University of New Hampshire Franklin Pierce School of Law, William S. Boyd School of Law at UNLV, Temple University - James E. Beasley School of Law, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, University of Baltimore - School of Law, University of Minnesota Law School, Catholic University of America (CUA) - Columbus School of Law, Stanford Law School, UC Hastings Law, University of Georgia School of Law, St. Mary's University - School of Law, St. Thomas University - School of Law, Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Center for Intellectual Property & Innovation, Michigan State University College of Law, South Texas College of Law, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Washington and Lee University - School of Law, University of St. Thomas School of Law (Minnesota), Florida International University (FIU) - College of Law, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP and University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School - Student/Alumni/Adjunct
Downloads 214 (308,963)

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patent, declaratory judgment, jurisdiction, personal jurisdiction, patent assertion entity, minimum contacts

19.

Horizontal Innovation and Interface Patents

2016 Wisconsin Law Review 287 (2016), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 15-50
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 26 Sep 2015 Last Revised: 05 May 2016
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 210 (314,485)

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Patents, Interfaces, Standards, Tying, Remedies, Damages, Injunctions

20.

Lost Profits in a Multicomponent World

59 Boston College Law Review 1321 (2018), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 17-23
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 11 Aug 2017 Last Revised: 28 Aug 2018
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 208 (317,317)
Citation 2

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Patents, Remedies, Lost Profits, Apportionment

21.

Why Patent Monopsonies Increase Consumer Welfare

U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 21-22, 30 Texas Intellectual Property Law Journal 1 (2021)
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 07 Sep 2021 Last Revised: 22 Feb 2022
Bernard Chao and Tod Duncan
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 204 (323,344)

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Patents, antitrust, standards, monopsony, artificially scarce goods, economics, remedies

22.

USPTO's Lax Policy Leads to Humira Formulation Thicket

Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 52(2) (Oct. 2024), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 23-2
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 08 Feb 2023 Last Revised: 24 Oct 2024
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 178 (366,266)

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patents, comparative, biologics, formulation, written description, functional claims, Humira

23.

Patent Imperialism

109 Northwestern University Law Review Online 77 (2014), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 14-38
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 03 Aug 2014 Last Revised: 21 Nov 2014
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 175 (371,876)
Citation 1

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patent, remedies, international

24.

Does Conjoint Analysis Reliably Value Patents?

58 American Business Law Journal 225 (2021), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 20-28
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 14 Oct 2020 Last Revised: 22 Aug 2022
Bernard Chao and Sydney Donovan
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 166 (389,529)
Citation 1

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Conjoint Analysis, Survey, Patent, Damages, Remedies

25.

Breaking Aro’s Commandment: Recognizing that Inventions Have Heart

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 20, p. 1183, 2010, U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-20
Number of pages: 59 Posted: 05 Aug 2010 Last Revised: 22 Mar 2012
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 147 (431,580)

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patent, repair, reconstruction, exhaustion, heart, gist, Aro, Quanta

26.

The Infringement Continuum

Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 35, 1359, 2014, U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-28
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 10 Jan 2012 Last Revised: 13 Jul 2014
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 146 (433,908)

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patent, remedies, claim scope

27.

Crowdsourcing & Data Analytics: The New Settlement Tools

102 Judicature 62 (Fall 2018), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 18-13
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 01 May 2018 Last Revised: 08 Dec 2018
Bernard Chao, Christopher T. Robertson and David V. Yokum
University of Denver Sturm College of Law, Boston University and University of Arizona - James E. Rogers College of Law
Downloads 144 (438,868)

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settlement, crowdsourcing, optimism bias, courts, alternative dispute resolution

28.

Testing the White Hat Effect in Patent Litigation

27 Federal Circuit Bar Journal 155 (2017), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 17-34
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 09 Oct 2017 Last Revised: 02 Feb 2018
Bernard Chao and Roderick O'Dorisio
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and Perkins Coie LLP
Downloads 142 (443,833)

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Patent, Trolls, NPEs, Declaratory Judgment, Empirical

29.

How Evidence of Subsequent Remedial Measures Matters

84 Missouri Law Review 609 (2019), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 19-07
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 17 Apr 2019 Last Revised: 25 Nov 2019
Bernard Chao, Kylie Santos and Kylie Santos
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and Burns, Figa & Will, PCUniversity of Denver
Downloads 124 (504,090)

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Evidence, jury instructions, subsequent remedial measures, empirical, hindsight bias, jury

30.

Saliency, Anchors & Frames: A Multicomponent Damages Experiment

26 Michigan Technology Law Review 1 (2019), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 19-03
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 01 Apr 2019 Last Revised: 08 Jan 2020
Bernard Chao and Roderick O'Dorisio
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and Perkins Coie LLP
Downloads 122 (500,934)

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empirical, remedies, juries, damages, patent, anchoring, saliency, framing effects

31.

A $1 Billion Parable

90 Denver University Law Review Online 185, 2013
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 27 Nov 2014
Bernard Chao and Jonathan Gray
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and Spencer Fane Britt & Browne LLP
Downloads 106 (557,001)

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32.

Patent Law's Domestic Sales Trap

93 DENV. L. REV. ONLINE 87 (2016), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-15
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 10 Apr 2016
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 101 (577,033)

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patent law, international, sales, infringement

33.

Brief Amicus Curiae of Intellectual Property Professors in Support of Petition for Certiorari in Samsung v. Apple

Number of pages: 15 Posted: 22 Aug 2017 Last Revised: 23 Aug 2017
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 96 (596,820)

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patent, remedies, injunctions, causal nexus

34.

USPTO is Rejecting Potentially Life-Saving Inventions

Law 360, December 2014
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 19 Dec 2015 Last Revised: 05 Jan 2016
Bernard Chao and Lane Womack
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and Kilpatrick Stockton LLP
Downloads 95 (600,811)

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patent eligibilty, patent office, drug

35.

Brief of Electronic Frontier Foundation and R Street Institute As Amici Curiae, in WesternGeco, LLC v. ION Geophysical Corp., No. 16-1011

Number of pages: 30 Posted: 21 Apr 2018
Daniel K. Nazer, Bernard Chao, Brian J. Love and Charles Duan
Mozilla Corporation, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, Santa Clara University - School of Law and American University Washington College of Law
Downloads 94 (604,888)

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patent damages, extraterritorial, international, proximate cause, overcompensation, double recovery

36.

Implementing Apportionment

2019 Patently-O Patent Law Journal 20
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 22 Oct 2019
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 93 (609,017)

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patent, damages, reasonable royalty, apportionment

37.

Not so Confidential: A Call for Restraint in Sealing Court Records

2011 Patently-O Patent L.J. 6
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 28 Feb 2013
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 93 (609,017)

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sealed, court records, transparency

38.

Brief for Amici Curiae Eighteen Intellectual Property Law Professors in Support of Petition for Certiorari in Eve-USA v. Mentor Graphics

Number of pages: 21 Posted: 06 Jan 2018
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 91 (617,342)

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patent, remedies, damages, lost profits, apportionment

39.

Focusing Patent Litigation

18 Chi. -Kent J. Intell. Prop. 497 (2019) , U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 19-04
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 29 Mar 2019 Last Revised: 19 Jun 2019
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 83 (653,093)

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patent, civil procedure, case management

40.

The Power of Procedure: Uncovering the Gap in U.S. Privacy Rights

52 Pepperdine Law Review 121 (2025)., U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 71 Posted: 10 Sep 2024 Last Revised: 06 Feb 2025
Bernard Chao and Mandi Abbott
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and Banking Commercial Counsel at Block Inc.
Downloads 78 (682,162)

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Privacy, GDPR, Procedure, Remedies, Private Right of Action

41.

Book Review, Patent Remedies and Complex Products: Toward a Global Consensus

10 The IP Law Book Review 6 (2020), U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 20-25
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 17 Sep 2020
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 59 (787,444)

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patent, remedies

42.

The Case for Scientific Jury Experiments

For the Defense (Feb. 2024)
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 04 Apr 2024
Bernard Chao, Christopher T. Robertson and David Yokum
University of Denver Sturm College of Law, Boston University and The Policy Lab at Brown University
Downloads 54 (823,166)

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Crowdsourcing, focus groups, trials

43.

In re Motorola Mobility LLC, & Google: FRAND, Injunctions and Unfair Competition

U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper 24-27, See Bernard Chao, In re Motorola Mobility LLC, & Google: FRAND, Injunctions and Unfair Competition, in LEADING FRAND CASES (Jorge L. Contreras ed., 2025)
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 17 Dec 2024 Last Revised: 30 Apr 2025
Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 47 (878,866)

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patent, standards, injunctions, FRAND, FTC, unfair business

44.

Appendix to Biological Patent Thickets and Delayed Access to Biosimilars, An American Problem

Journal of Law and the Biosciences (Forthcoming)
Number of pages: 71 Posted: 20 Aug 2022
Rachel Goode and Bernard Chao
University of Denver Sturm College of Law and University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 43 (914,165)

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Patent, thickets, biologics, drugs, biosimilars, Canada, United Kingdom

45.

The Empirical Double Standard: Opinion Surveys Across the Civil-Criminal Divide

forthcoming in volume 111 of the Iowa Law Review , U Denver Legal Studies Research Paper No. 25-09, Emory Legal Studies Research Paper Forthcoming
Number of pages: 63 Posted: 04 Mar 2025 Last Revised: 01 May 2025
Kay L. Levine and Bernard Chao
Emory University School of Law and University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Downloads 37 (981,977)

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Evidence, Surveys, Judges, Decision-making

46.

Clearing Dense Drug-Patent Thickets

WVU College of Law Research Paper Forthcoming
Posted: 13 Jan 2025
Bernard Chao, Ryan Whalen, Aaron Kesselheim and S. Sean Tu
University of Denver Sturm College of Law, The University of Hong Kong - Faculty of Law, Harvard University - Harvard Medical School and West Virginia University College of Law

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