University of Edinburgh - Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Liverpool - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Oxford - International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Sheffield - Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Oxford - ISARIC Global Support Centre, University of Liverpool - Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, Public Health England - Emerging Infections and Zoonoses Unit, University of Nottingham - Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London - National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), University of Edinburgh - Roslin Institute, University of Liverpool - Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Glasgow - Medical Research Council (MRC) and Independent

University of Strathclyde - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Sulaimani - College of Nursing, University of Kirkuk - Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Sulaimani - College of Nursing, Healthcare Improvement Scotland - Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group and University of Strathclyde - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science