University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu- Natal, University of Pretoria, University of Cape Town (UCT), South African Medical Research Council - Biostatistics Research Unit, Independent, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health, Discovery Health - Strategic Risk Management and Data Science Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - Clinical HIV Research Unit, Western Cape Government - Health Intelligence, South African Medical Research Council, Independent, Western Cape Government - Health Intelligence, Discovery Health - Strategic Risk Management and Data Science Unit, Discovery Health - Strategic Risk Management and Data Science Unit, Medscheme, Independent, Independent, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand - Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Independent, South African Government - National Department of Health, Independent, South African Medical Research Council - Burden of Disease Research Unit, Independent, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), University of Cape Town, University of the Witwatersrand, Independent, University of Cape Town (UCT), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Independent, University of the Witwatersrand, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and South African Medical Research Council

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu- Natal, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Malawi, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Zimbabwe, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Duke University - Department of Surgery, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform - KRISP, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of KwaZulu-Natal - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health, COVID-19 Prevention Network, University of Zimbabwe - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership (BHP), Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Columbia University - ICAP, Wits University - Clinical HIV Research Unit, Aurum Institute, Synexus Helderberg, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of the Witwatersrand - Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit (RHRU), TASK, FAMCRU Family Clinical Research Unit, University of Cape Town (UCT), Aurum Institute, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi, Center for Family Health Research Zambia (CFHRZ), The Aurum Institute, Aurum Institute, South African Medical Research Council, UNC Global Projects, Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Blantyre District Council, Center for Family Health Research Zambia (CFHRZ), Wits Health Consortium - Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Synergy Biomed Research Institute, MERC Middelburg, Kisumu Clinical Research Site, TASK, TASK, Aurum Institute, Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit Clinical Research Site, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Joint Clinical Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South African Medical Research Council, Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, MeCRU Clinical Research Site, Maseno University, Synexus Stanza Clinical Research Centre Clinical Research Site, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PHOENIX Pharma (Pty) Ltd, Moi University, University of Cape Town (UCT), MERC Kempton, MERC Welkom, MU-JHU Care Ltd - MUJHU Research Collaboration, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, South African Medical Research Council, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic and Independent

University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Queen Mary University of London - Wolfson Institute of Population Health, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Queen Mary University of London - Blizard Institute, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital - Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, University of East Anglia (UEA) - Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA) - Faculty of Medicine and Health, Queen Mary University of London - Wolfson Institute of Population Health, University of Delhi - Institute of Eminence, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Queen Mary University of London - Wolfson Institute of Population Health, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre and Queen Mary University of London - Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry

University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, Ohio State University (OSU) - Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis, Partners in Hope, University of Zambia (UNZA) - Department of Health Policy and Systems, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, - Institute of Human Virology, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Columbia University - ICAP, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill and Costa del Sol Hospital - Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology and University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Duke University - Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Duke University, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of Manitoba, Instituto Nacional de Saude, South African Medical Research Council, Aurum Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Emory University - School of Medicine, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Rochester - School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi, University of Alabama at Birmingham - Heersink School of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Duke University - Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Rochester - School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Fenway Community Health - The Fenway Institute, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Independent and affiliation not provided to SSRN

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Colorado, Aurora - Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Cape Town - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology and University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics

University of Pennsylvania, University of Cape Town (UCT), The George Washington University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Department of Epidemiology, Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, University of Pennsylvania and University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre