University of the Witwatersrand - Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), University of the Witwatersrand - Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand - Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit (RHRU), University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi, University of Amsterdam - Department of Medical Microbiology and Boston University - School of Public Health

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu- Natal, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Malawi, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Zimbabwe, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Duke University - Department of Surgery, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform - KRISP, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of KwaZulu-Natal - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health, COVID-19 Prevention Network, University of Zimbabwe - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership (BHP), Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Columbia University - ICAP, Wits University - Clinical HIV Research Unit, Aurum Institute, Synexus Helderberg, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of the Witwatersrand - Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit (RHRU), TASK, FAMCRU Family Clinical Research Unit, University of Cape Town (UCT), Aurum Institute, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi, Center for Family Health Research Zambia (CFHRZ), The Aurum Institute, Aurum Institute, South African Medical Research Council, UNC Global Projects, Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Blantyre District Council, Center for Family Health Research Zambia (CFHRZ), Wits Health Consortium - Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Synergy Biomed Research Institute, MERC Middelburg, Kisumu Clinical Research Site, TASK, TASK, Aurum Institute, Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit Clinical Research Site, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Joint Clinical Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South African Medical Research Council, Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, MeCRU Clinical Research Site, Maseno University, Synexus Stanza Clinical Research Centre Clinical Research Site, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PHOENIX Pharma (Pty) Ltd, Moi University, University of Cape Town (UCT), MERC Kempton, MERC Welkom, MU-JHU Care Ltd - MUJHU Research Collaboration, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, South African Medical Research Council, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic and Independent

University of the Witwatersrand - Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit (RHRU), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Stellenbosch University, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), CeSHHAR Zimbabwe, South African Medical Research Council - HIV Prevention and Vaccine Research Unit, Blantyre International University, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership (BHP), University of Zimbabwe - Clinical Trials Research Centre, University of the Witwatersrand, South African Medical Research Council - HIV Prevention and Vaccine Research Unit, Government of Uganda - Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), University of Zimbabwe - Clinical Trials Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe - Clinical Trials Research Centre, Baylor University - Children’s Foundation-Eswatini, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Makerere University, Columbia University - ICAP, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council - HIV Prevention and Vaccine Research Unit, University of Zimbabwe - Clinical Trials Research Centre, FHI 360, FHI 360, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Colorado, Aurora - Anschutz Medical Campus, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University - School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University - School of Medicine, FHI 360, University of the Witwatersrand - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University - School of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, FHI 360, FHI 360, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, FHI 360, FHI 360, Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare Ltd., ViiV Healthcare Ltd., ViiV Healthcare Ltd., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi and affiliation not provided to SSRN

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Duke University - Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Duke University, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of Manitoba, Instituto Nacional de Saude, South African Medical Research Council, Aurum Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Emory University - School of Medicine, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Rochester - School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi, University of Alabama at Birmingham - Heersink School of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Duke University - Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Rochester - School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Fenway Community Health - The Fenway Institute, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Independent and affiliation not provided to SSRN

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) - Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), University of KwaZulu-Natal - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), San Francisco Department of Health - Bridge HIV, George Washington University - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Johns Hopkins University - School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University - School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, Government of the United States of America - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Government of the United States of America - National Institutes of Health (NIH), ViiV Healthcare Ltd., ViiV Healthcare Ltd., University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, FHI 360 and Johns Hopkins University - School of Medicine

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) - Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Johns Hopkins University, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill - UNC-Project Malawi, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Les Centres Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Les Centres Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University - Division of Infectious Diseases, Government of the United States of America - Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Moi University, University of North Carolina Project, Kamazu Central Hospital, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Malawi, Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Wits University - Clinical HIV Research Unit, Morningside Mediclinic, Sandton, University of KwaZulu-Natal - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of the Witwatersrand - South African Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand - School of Clinical Medicine, Joint Clinical Research Centre, Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Johns Hopkins University - Department of Medicine and Independent