dendroecology, beech-fir forest, spruce forest, natural dynamics, primary forest, Southern Carpathians
climate extremes, Growth reduction, Species-specific impacts, drought intensity, Czech Republic
primary forests, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, climate warming, competition, Species diversity
Mixed-severity natural disturbances, annual mortality rate, mortality agents, primary forests.
Species turnover, Species richness, Old-growth forests, Beta-diversity, Nestedness, Forest structure
tree survival, tree mortality, resistance, crown defoliation, bark beetle outbreak, primary attraction